Knee replacement, also called “knee arthroplasty” or “total knee replacement”, is a surgical procedure in which the natural cartilage and bone of the knee are replaced with prosthesis (artificial/man-made components), recreating the weight-bearing surface of the joint. Usually recommended to individuals with severe arthritis or a significant knee injury, the procedure involves the use of metal and/or plastic components to replace or cover the damaged components of the knee joint.
Types of Knee Replacement
There are several types of knee replacement surgery that help alleviate discomfort and improve mobility; each meant to address specific conditions and levels of joint damage. Let’s look at some of the commonly prescribed surgeries:
Total Knee Arthroplasty
Total knee replacement (TKR) is the most common type of knee replacement surgery. During this surgical procedure, the entire knee joint is replaced with a prosthetic joint, consisting of metallic components for the femur (thigh bone) and tibia (shin bone), separated by a plastic spacer. TKR surgery is primarily used to treat advanced osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or severe knee trauma.
Unicompartmental/Partial Knee Replacement
Unicompartmental/partial knee replacement, also called PKR, is a surgical procedure where only the damaged or affected portion of the knee joint is replaced with a prosthesis. This approach is particularly effective when only one compartment of the knee, such as the medial (inside), lateral (outside), or patellofemoral (front) area, is affected. PKR is often recommended to patients with localised arthritis or specific knee joint issues.
Kneecap Replacement (Patellofemoral Arthroplasty)
When arthritis affects the knee joint, it can be a source of persistent pain and reduced mobility. One surgical option for addressing this issue is kneecap replacement, formally called “patellofemoral arthroplasty”. This procedure focuses on replacing the undersurface of the kneecap and its groove (the trochlea) when they are the primary areas affected by arthritis.
Complex/Revision Knee Replacement
Complex or revision knee replacement is a surgical procedure performed when a prior knee replacement fails, or complications arise. It involves correcting issues like implant loosening, infection, or severe bone loss. Skilled orthopaedic surgeons use advanced techniques and specialised implants to restore function and alleviate pain in these challenging cases.
Why is Knee Replacement Required?
Knee replacement becomes necessary when the knee joint experiences severe damage or disease, resulting in chronic pain, limited mobility, and a decreased quality of life. Common reasons for knee joint replacement include advanced osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, traumatic injuries, or other conditions that cause persistent pain and hinder normal knee function.
